Subak of Bali is Water Distribution Association

Subak of Bali is Water Distribution Association


Subak is famous for its water management association and its main purpose is managing the Aspects of Water Distribution
Since the late 1970s the tertiary network projects undertaken Dep.PU the Subak system in Bali, with a change to the building systems (Tembuku) of the system numbak be certain system has led to conflicts, because the change is not in harmony with the socio-cultural local community. However subak system as traditional institutions remain otonomous can organize itself without causing conflict, because still promoting a harmony with the surrounding environment.
Here are the Subak building of irrigation water distribution management.

The artifacts are utilized by Subak system in Bali to help smooth distribution of water is as follows:
- Barricade (empelan), which has a function as a location where water ingress which will lead subak area. Location weir is essentially placed on the area of ​​the bend of the river, the river areas, which are located closest to the paddy field farmers concerned. Meanwhile, at each location of the building weirs built a temple called Pura Empelan, which is used as a place of ceremony come to "Toya". And responsible weir is "Kelian" Subak together with all members of the subak.

- Tunneling (aungan), has a function as a flow of irrigation water channel leading to the tertiary. Tunnel will be built by farmers if they fail to take advantage of open irrigation channels. In the process of making the tunnel builder (undagi) will try to choose the track tunnel on the land consists of stone, rock on, or the ground hard enough to support the existing soil on top of the building. The weir is responsible Kelian Subak together with all members of the subak.
- Irrigation canals (telabah), has a function as irrigation water flow will go to the rice terraces farmers. And the responsible is Kelian together farmers with an interest in the relevant channel.
- Building-for (Tembuku) the subak system was built with the concept of building-proportional for both upstream and downstream. The unit of measure used is "tektek". Tektek is an exhausted system for the amount of water entering the Subak is concerned with the rice acreage is in Subak concerned. Tektek system in Bali has been modified (this happens in Subak Breech) into a system of centimeters. However,
implementation is still in the concept of proportion. Building-to the tertiary network is not made ​​permanent in order to facilitate the loan process water irrigation.

In Bali, the building-to be applied because of the subak system generally undulating topography of the island of Bali, but there are some drawbacks of this system, such as: the possibility of unequal agreement in water buildings-for, the possibility of sinking building irrigation channels at any given moment, there are possibility of inefficient land use, when compared to the system box, the system is more effective "numbak"

Punishment for Plantation Forest Burner

 Punishment for Plantation Forest Burner

Burning of forest conducted by both invidual and the company makes many parties suffer of smoke. and also the neighboring countries have protected against the smog of smoke coming from Kalimantan and Sumatra Island. So to judge them  there must be a certained and firmed punishment. What punishment to management of plantation which have been granted permission by the Regent and the Mayor. And that, the head of region can also revoke a permit if it is proven to burn plantation forests and land.

"The company is not allowed to clear land by burning. If they till do it means a violation. Their company's business license could be revoked by the Regent and the Mayor.
Sanctions against rogue companies may vary. Ranging from administrative sanctions such as verbal warning, written revocation is temporary or permanent, up to the police because they contain the criminal element.

Moreover, the smoke is causing many injured and sickness.
"Sanctions are not necessarily directly the severe level to be imposed to corporate offenders. Must be warned first through oral and written. If they repeated, then the firmer punishment. It is a form of deterrent effect.

When permission is revoked, the consequences can no longer operate
Actually, there is no company  in Sumatra that cleared land by burning.
He that burned the forest and land are unscrupulous people who often do it on his own land, and the fire spread to the area of plantation companies.

Tips For New Driver

Tips For New Driver

It is nice to drive when our body is fit, in the morning after having a good sleep during the night. No traffic jam, and not so many cars or people in the street. Good condition of our car, newly serviced, and of course enough fuel in the tank.

It is not enough having ideal condition of the driver and the car. There is an important factor to have comfortable driving. It is , of course, experience in driving. So, other things have to be considered as our comrades inform me to spread his opinion to make our travel safe, especially to the new comer as driver.as follow:

The journey there are at least five things to watch for the sake of safety, which is our friend as we share, let us consider:

1. Set your sit comfortably

2. By the right position of sitting you will have the view point Far Ahead With a direct view of the distant ahead, we can know the condition of the road ahead, so will be easier for us to make decisions more quickly if there are things that are not desirable. By directing foresight, our readiness to avoid, bad things will be executed faster and better.

3. Set all thing around you, so you will get the picture area in Vehicle Surroundings
At the time of driving, the view should not only be directed to the front, but also directed to all side of the vehicle (left and right). It allows us better prepared for other vehicles that suddenly appeared from the left and right.

4. Ready to manage your eye in always stand by to see all things or say Enable Eyes Do not let a blank stare and stare in one direction, keep the eyes moving every 2 seconds to look at the conditions around the vehicle

. 5. Mind the Way Out
This readiness in depend on whether you are knowing the road conditions and note areas that could allow a way out to avoid things that are not desirable. Keep a distance from the car in front is a very important thing. If the road in a bad state, take the distance to the vehicle in front which can roughly allows us to break away from the congestion.

6. In all the second make sure you Seeing Other People
Many of the accident is one of the parties does not see where the other party. Therefore, always make sure others see you. This can be done by sounding the horn, flashing the lights dim or waving.
The causing thing when driving a car is breaking up concentrations of driving with other problems. It is important to "leave" the problem during driving in order to fully concentrating on the road. Because if our minds are broken then driving safety will be threatened, after all, did not think the problem can be dealt with while driving.

Concentration is often impaired driving if the new driver is in a hurry because of late to the destination. For this, it is important to divert the mind that we should arrive safely, not "hunting time" which actually was already too late.

By knowing all the above we can manage the driving well.

Wholesome Food (Four is Healthy, Five is Perfect)

Wholesome Food (Four is Healthy, Five is Perfect)

Health aspects is the desire of all people. People want to get a healthy body by eating wholesome food that is good enough volume and nutritional value. Motto “four is healthy, five is perfect” is the guide of nutritionist and health extention workers and educators as a the objectives to be achieved by us. Four is Healthy and five is perfect food comprises of commonly eaten foods, including

1 Staple Food
Staple foods as a source of energy for the body to be able to indulge every day as : rice, corn, potatoes, wheat / wheat flour, tapioca flour, cassava and other tubers

. 2. Protein
Other dishes to serve with staple food to meet the needs of builder substances in the body. For example, the egg, tahu, tempeh, fish, meat, and others.

3.Vegetables
Vegetables in the food has a function to meet the needs of minerals, regulating substances on the body. As Spinach, Swamp Cabbage, tomatoes, lettuce, cassava leaves, eggplant, peppers, beans, cabbage squashed, squash, and other

4. Fruits
Such as vegetables, fruits in food has a function to meet the needs of regulatory substances in the body. For example, the Guava, stowberi, apple, papaya guava, mangosteen, passion fruit, persimmon, salak, durian, and other

5. Milk
To complete and no compulsory or mandatory us to drink it. But there is no harm if we drink milk after eating, because it contains a wide variety of mineral substances that are useful and good for our bodies.
Sometimes health considerations are different for each person, and healthy aspects of a nation different from other nations.

The Englishman claimed. "An apple a day keeps the doctor away", these wise words interpreted into "four healthy and five perfect". In the Indonesian record four healthy foods are foods containing carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and minerals. And five perfect interpreted with a glass of milk.
British people interpret the five perfect with a glass of milk not an apples. Indeed they do, because they are not consume menu as Asian , the meat and protein-laden as milk or cheese as wholesome food.

Biggest Sugar Factory

Biggest Sugar Factory


Sugar cane plantation and sugar factory is a producer of sugar units are quite expensive management in Indonesia. Sugar as one of the ten groceries. Unfortunately Indonesia has been importing sugar for years. This import due to government cannot afford to increase  sugar from domestic producers are still lacking of sugarcane plantation.

Consortium of three state-owned enterprises (SOEs) has started construction of a sugar factory in the district of Banyuwangi, East Java. Factory is considered the biggest in Asia will be completed in 2015.

"Construction of Asia's largest sugar mill which was built between SOEs. Now be in the process of construction, the sugar cane The consortium is composed of SOEs PT Plantation Nusantara (PTPN) III, PTPN XI, and PTPN XII. Investment for the plant on an area of ​​102.4 hectares was Rp 1.9 trillion.

Contractor engineering, procurement, construction (EPC) is an Industrial Engineering PT (Persero) consortium with PT Nusantara Energy Weltes. The source of funding is derived from 30% and 70% shareholder of the bank loans of Bank Mandiri, BRI our bank, and Bank of East Java

He said that this project was somewhat delayed from the plan, due to changes in the auction after the rupiah against the dollar the United States (USA) weakened.
"Had a little change when bidding, because there are changes in exchange rates, but still a target completion in June 2015," he explained.

The plant will produce 8,000 tons per day. To meet that capacity with the rollers 150 days per year, required as much as 900,000 tons of sugar cane-1.2 million tons, or the equivalent of planting 9,000 ha area of ​​10,000 ha.
Hoping with establishment the sugar price will be lower than ever.

Living Initiated with Chemical and Physical Tools

 Living Initiated with Chemical and Physical Tools

In the first existence of life of living creatures and its growth and development, as what can be watched in this living realm, is greatly as a result of physical and chemical intervention. After the big eruption when the heaven and the earth was claved apart, which  the so called  the Big Bang. This earth surface on which creatures live was very hot.  Then water was poured to cold it. water was poured from the heaven for the first time. As we understand that the throne of God in Paradise is above Water. Water is under the God Palace. Out of the Water, water was sent to cold the hot earth. Scholars said the earth temperature then was more than 7000 degrees centigrade/celsius. There was no material could approach the hot earth, but water was  poured again and again. And at last water could reach the surface of the earth. The surface was cold as the water boiling on it. How long the colding process lasted, but the living creatures began to process. Chemical and physical reactions and processes preceeded. Outer most of the earth was undergoing the process of decomposition. Cracking the surface by water as physical and chemical tools, and the result is what we call erable land, and living thing initiated to proceed to be axistance.
       In the modern era discovery and development of physic and chemical tools has made possible the development and discovery of living thing.

As with the physical science support microbiology. Microbiological studies have been demanding and spur the discovery and developed tools (physical tools) to detect small objects. Microscope was invented. Beginning with the discovery of a simple microscope by Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1673), with its single lens that can only magnify the results of view (magnification) of 300 times.

Magnification tool that continuously improved until now have used an electron microscope with intricate lenses and equipment (sophisticated) which can magnify viewing results greater than 250,000 times. With the tool it can be studied in more detail and depth of the substance of microorganisms super-micro dimensional (bacteriophage / virus / DNA structure). Liquid immersion effect on optical instruments lens helps a lot in the development of the study of microbiology.

Similarly, chemical innovation, has been supporting role in the study of biology. Chemical formula of tissue culture medium / medium cells or cloning techniques should be formulated from chemical elements and compounds used carefully and accurately.

Deep understanding of the branch of biochemistry present the discovery of microorganisms isolation techniques. Various vaccines and hormones can be produced, such as hepatitis vaccines, insulin and other enzymes. The discovery of restriction endonucleases has opened horizons of recombinant DNA technology. With recombinant DNA techniques made possible transgenic animals and plants, as has been done in tobacco plants by inserting a bacterial gene (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) into the plant cell. The discovery of plant growth regulator (PGR) or synthetic hormones like Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) / Auxin, gibberellin acid (Gibberellic Acid), vitamins and other hormones have been extended to study the rapid development.

Some Characteristics of Rural Economic Development in Indonesia

Some Characteristics of Rural Economic Development in Indonesia

One of the functions of government is to coordinate and implement village development. Economic development includes land use. As large parts of Indonesia are a suitable area of agriculture. Thus economic development in Indonesia rural is utilizing the land for production.

The productive inputs (factors of production) are the resources employed to produce goods and services. Factors of production are labor, land, capital, and entrepreneurship. Mentioned economists Capitalistic characteristic the components of produce are a measured as the component of price as:
1 Land or natural resources (water, air, soil, flora and fauna of the which are used in production of a products)
2 Labor is human effort used in production includes technical and marketing expertise.
3 Capital: all goods are used in production of other goods. These include machinery, tools and buildings.

The term capital employed in reference to money and also gold. Other factors of production developed by the experts are the management and technology, and materials or raw materials.
Land as a medium for cultivating plants and keep animal.

Prophet Muhammad successfully encouraged his companions to Cultivate idle land (Ihya al-Mawat) to yield crops for foods. Factor in the production of labor as was detailed Described by Ibn Khaldun and others Islamic scholars. Personal development and maintaining the prosperity personnel are already managed a long time ago.
Normally, capital means investment in goods that can produce other goods. It can also refer to machines, roads, factories, schools, and the like in the which human goods and services produces. Investment is important if the economy is to Achieve economical as much as possible and profit growth in a certain period of time or in a process of the production cycle. The capitalistic goal is so simply that is to Achieve as much profit as possible, while Islamic Consider the producer will base his action's value in transactions of economic production, there are three principle values:

a. Proportional or al-tawazun not to be stingy and not Wasteful or extravagant;
b. Justice (al-Aadalah) behave being right and fair; and
c. Ownership (al-Milkiyyah) legally utility of possession.

In order to Ensure the individual and social interests, the Islamic economic system lay a basic theories of the Islamic economic justice (al-al-Iqtishadiyah'Adalah), Social Assurance (at-Takaful Al-ijtima'i), and the efficiency of the economic resources utilities (fa'aliyah)

At the time of Caliph Usman many friends who tried the agricultural sector, especially the cultivation of the soil (Ihyaul Mawat). Usman itself has a vast land and employ 1,000 local workers.
Similarly, the present rural economic development in Indonesia and long time ago in Arab Saudi is based on the development of agriculture.